外国人申请中国永居：国外无犯罪证明办理及认证指南

  外国人申请中国永居：

  国外无犯罪证明办理及认证指南

  Foreigners applying for permanent residence in China:

  Guidelines for obtaining and authenticating foreign criminal record certificates

  

  

  对于想要申请中国永久居留权的外国人而言，提供符合要求的国外无犯罪记录证明是核心申请材料之一。这份证明的签发机构和认证流程有着严格规范，一旦不符合标准，很可能导致申请受阻。以下中创侨智将详细解读无犯罪证明的合规签发机构、认证流程及相关注意事项，助力申请人顺利推进永居申请事宜。

  For foreigners who wish to apply for permanent residency in China, providing a foreign criminal record certificate that meets the requirements is one of the core application materials. The issuing authority and certification process of this certificate have strict regulations. Once it does not meet the standards, it is likely to cause obstacles to the application. Below, OTGEO will elaborate on the compliant issuing authorities, certification processes, and related precautions for the criminal record certificate, to help applicants smoothly advance their permanent residency application matters.

  申请中国永居所需的国外无犯罪证明，并非任何警务机构出具均可，必须由申请人所在国负责全国性犯罪记录管理的最高层级警务或司法主管机构签发。这类机构作为国家层面的权威部门，能够覆盖全国范围的犯罪记录查询，其出具的证明具备全面性和公信力，而地方警局等区域性机构签发的证明，因覆盖范围有限，通常无法满足中国永居申请要求。不同国家的对应机构存在差异，典型示例如下：

  The foreign criminal record certificate required for applying for permanent residence in China cannot be issued by just any police agency. It must be issued by the highest-level police or judicial authority in the applicant's country that is responsible for national-level criminal record management. As authoritative national-level departments, such institutions can cover criminal record inquiries nationwide, and the certificates they issue are comprehensive and credible. In contrast, certificates issued by regional institutions such as local police stations usually cannot meet the requirements for applying for permanent residence in China due to their limited coverage. The corresponding institutions vary from country to country, with typical examples as follows:

•   美国：联邦调查局 Federal Bureau of Investigation（FBI）
•   加拿大：皇家骑警 Royal Canadian Mounted Police（RCMP）
•   澳大利亚：联邦警察局 Australian Federal Police（AFP）
  
•   

    

    

    

    新西兰：司法部 Ministry of Justice（MOJ）

•   英国：国家犯罪记录局 Criminal Records Office（ACRO）
•   法国：司法部档案局 Ministry of Justice Archives
•   德国：联邦刑事警察局 Bundesamt für Justiz（BfJ）
•   西班牙：国家警察总局 National Police Headquarters（司法部签发证明机构： Ministerio de Justicia）
•   

    

    

    荷兰：司法行政部 Ministry of Justice and Security
  
•   

    

    

    意大利：检察院 / 司法部 Prosecutor ’s Office of the Court / Ministry of Justice

•   新加坡：新加坡警察部队 Singapore Police Force（SPF）
•   日本：法务省下属的犯罪记录管理部门 Criminal Record Management Department under the Ministry of Justice
  
•   韩国：韩国国家警察厅 Korean National Police Agency（KNPA）
  

•   马来西亚：皇家马来西亚警察总部 Royal Malaysia Police（PDRM）
  
•   巴西：联邦警察 Polícia Federal do Brasil（PF）
  

•   南非：南非警察局犯罪记录中心 South African Police Service（SAPS）
  
•   哥伦比亚：国家警察 National Police of Colombia（PNC）
  
•   沙特阿拉伯：公共安全总局

•   

    阿联酋：内政部警务总局
    
  

  外国人手持国家级机构出具的无犯罪证明后，还需按规定完成认证流程，否则该文件在中国境内不具备法律效力。认证规则主要依据申请人所在国是否为《海牙公约》成员国分为两种情况：

  Foreigners holding a certificate of no criminal record issued by a national-level institution must also complete the authentication process in accordance with regulations; otherwise, the document will not have legal effect within the territory of China. The authentication rules are mainly divided into two cases based on whether the applicant's country is a member state of the Hague Convention:

  Countries that are not members of the Hague Convention

  The certification process is relatively simplified.

  Applicants only need to apply for the Hague Apostille from the authorized institution in their country. After obtaining the document with the Hague Apostille stamp, they can directly use it for China's permanent residence application without going through the certification of Chinese embassies and consulates abroad. At present, there are about 70 member states of the Hague Convention in the world, including major countries such as the United States, Germany, Australia, Japan, and South Korea.

  此外，还有两项关键注意事项需重视。

  一是文件一致性，证明上的申请人姓名必须与护照姓名完全一致，若有曾用名需明确注明，避免因信息不符导致认证失效；

  二是时效性，无犯罪证明自出具之日起 6 个月内有效，超时需重新办理并完成认证。

  In addition, there are two key points to note.

  First, document consistency: the applicant's name on the certificate must be completely consistent with the name on the passport. If there is a former name, it must be clearly indicated to avoid invalidation of the certification due to inconsistent information.

  Second, timeliness: the criminal record certificate is valid for 6 months from the date of issuance. If it expires, it needs to be reissued and the certification completed.

  除了上述核心要求外，申请人还需关注特殊情况的材料准备。若申请人年满 18 周岁后，曾在护照所属国以外的其他国家或地区连续居留 1 年及以上，除了提供本国的无犯罪证明，还需额外提供该居留国家或地区的无犯罪记录证明，且这份证明同样需遵循对应的国家级机构签发和认证规则。同时，所有提交的证明文件需保证真实合法，严禁出现涂改、拆换等情况，否则中国驻外使领馆及永居申请审核部门将不予受理。

  In addition to the above core requirements, applicants should also pay attention to the preparation of materials for special circumstances. If an applicant, after reaching the age of 18, has resided continuously for one year or more in a country or region other than the one issuing their passport, they must, in addition to providing a certificate of no criminal record from their home country, additionally provide a certificate of no criminal record from that country or region of residence. This certificate must also comply with the corresponding issuance and authentication rules of national-level institutions. Meanwhile, all submitted certification documents must be true and legal, and any alteration, replacement, or similar actions are strictly prohibited; otherwise, Chinese embassies and consulates abroad as well as the permanent residence application review department will not accept the application.